Gum Disease
Gum disease is one of the most common dental problems in adults, and one of the leading causes of tooth loss – yet in its early stages it's usually painless and easy to miss. The good news is that caught early, it's also very manageable.
Q: What causes gum disease?
Gum disease is caused by plaque – a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on your teeth. If it isn't removed through regular brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar (calculus), which irritates the gums and can only be removed by a dental professional. Left untreated, this irritation progresses from mild gum inflammation into a more serious infection affecting the bone that supports your teeth. Smoking, some medications, hormonal changes, and conditions such as diabetes can all increase your risk.
Q: What's the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis?
Gingivitis is the earliest stage – gums become red, swollen and may bleed when you brush or floss, but the underlying bone and tissue holding your teeth in place are not yet affected. It's fully reversible with good oral hygiene and a professional clean.
Periodontitis develops when gingivitis is left untreated. The infection spreads below the gum line, breaking down the bone and fibres that anchor your teeth. Gums may pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that trap more bacteria. Over time this can lead to loose teeth and, eventually, tooth loss. Periodontitis can't be reversed, but its progression can be controlled with proper treatment.
Q: What are the warning signs?
Watch out for:
• Red, swollen or tender gums
• Bleeding when brushing or flossing
• Persistent bad breath
• Gums that appear to be pulling away from the teeth
• Loose or shifting teeth
• Changes in the way your teeth fit together when biting
If you notice any of these, it's worth booking a check-up sooner rather than later.
Q: How is it treated?
Treatment depends on how advanced the disease is. Gingivitis often responds well to a thorough professional clean and improved home care. More advanced periodontitis may need deep cleaning below the gum line (scaling and root planing) to remove bacteria from the pockets, and in some cases referral to a periodontist for specialist treatment. Whatever the stage, consistent brushing, flossing and regular hygienist visits are the foundation of keeping gum disease under control.